Islamic architecture is a centuries-old building tradition rooted in the principles of Islam that spread from the Middle East to the rest of the world.

Islamic architecture is a term used for the building traditions of multiple states since the 7th century, where Islam was the main religion or a major cultural influence. Though usually associated with religious buildings, Islamic architecture encompasses fortresses, palaces, tombs, public buildings such as schools, and smaller structures such as fountains, public baths, and domestic architecture. Together with the religion of Islam, it spread from the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East throughout the world, incorporating and influencing various cultures. With its towering minarets, horseshoe and pointed arches, muqarnas vaulting, and ornamental details, Islamic architecture brought unique contributions to the history of architecture. Following the examples of the Dome of the Rock, Taj Mahal, and Alhambra, its tradition continues today.

Just like Islamic art in general, Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of styles, designs, and construction of both secular and religious buildings in Islamic societies. The earliest Islamic architecture was taken from existing styles and patterns of other contemporary building traditions, developing them further and contributing new elements to the history of architecture.

Not many buildings were done in the Islamic architectural style in the first generations after the prophet Muhammad’s death. The first caliphs after the death of the Prophet expanded the Islamic State beyond the Arabian Peninsula into the lands of other cultures. The stretching of the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates started the process of cultural assimilation, growth, and renewal of existing traditions.

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